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REVISION NOTES FOR CBSE CLASS 11 BIOLOGY, SHORT KEY NOTES FOR CBSE BOOKS CBSE Class 11 Biology Revision Notes Biology is an interesting subject, and the plus two Biology revision notes come in handy to prepare you well for the Class 11 exams. Class 11 Biology NCERT notes made by experts at Sikhshaforall cover the latest CBSE curriculum, and these are the well researched CBSE notes that let students understand the topic clearly. Biology notes for Class 11 are beneficial for a quick review because the subject matter experts CHAPTER WISE REVISION NOTES FOR CLASS 11  BIOLOGY Unit 1 – Diversity of Living Organism 1. The Living World 2. Biological Classification 3. Plant Kingdom 4. Animal Kingdom Unit 2 – Structural Organisation ion Plants and Animals 5. Morphology of Flowering Plants 6. Anatomy of Flowering Plants 7. Structural Organisation in Animals Unit 3 – Cell Structure and Function 8. Cell The Unit of Life 9. Biomolecules 10. Cell Cycle and Cell Division Unit 4 – Plant...

CHEMICAL COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION Endocrine glands: These are ductless glands which secrete hormones  directly into the blood stream. Hormones: Non-nutrient chemicals synthesised in trace amount by  Endocrine glands that act as intracellular messengers and are specific in their action which are transported by blood from site of production to site of action. HYPOTHALAMUS: ¶ It is basal part of diencephalon. ¶ Has neurosecretory cells called nuclei which produce hormones to regulate the synthesis and secretion of pituitary gland hormones. ¶ Two types of hormones released are: Releasing hormones-  Stimulate secretion of pituitary hormones, e.g..  Gonadotrophin releasing hormone stimulates pituitary gland to synthesise  gonadotrophins . Inhibiting hormones-  Inhibit secretions of pituitary hormones, e.g..  Somatostatin inhibits secretion of growth hormone. PITUITARY GLAND: ¶ Located in bony cavity called as sella tursica.  ¶ Attached to hypothal...

NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION Coordination: Process through which two or more organs interact and  complement the functions of one another surrounding the brain.  Action potential: A sudden change in the electrical charges in the plasma  membrane of a nerve libre. Aqueous humour: The thin watery fluid that occupy space between lens  and cornea in eye. Blind spot: A spot on retina which is free from rods and cones and lack the ability for vision. Cerebrospinal fluid: An alkaline fluid present in between inner two layer of meninges, surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Cerebellum: A part of hind brain that controls the balance and posture of  the body. Cochlea:  A spirally coiled part of internal ear which is responsible for hearing. Corpus callosum: A curved thick bundle of nerve fibres that joins two  cerebral hemisphere. Depolarisation: A condition when polarity of the plasma membrane of  nerve fibre is reversed.  Endolymph: The fluid f...

LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT Arthritis: an inflammatory joint disease characterised by inflammation of  joints. Coccyx : tail bone formed by fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae in man. Dicondylic Skull: A Skull with two occipital condyles. Endo Skeleton: A skeleton present inside the body. Fascicle: Bundles of muscles fibres held together by connective tissue.  Fascia: Collagenous connective tissue layer that surrounds muscle bundles. Floating ribs: The ribs that remain free anteriorly, (last 2 pairs) False ribs: 8th, 9th and 10th pair of ribs not directly joins the sternum but  to seventh pair of ribs, hence called pseudoribs.  Myoglobin: A red colored pigment present in sarcoplasm of muscle. Sarcomere: A portion of myofibril between two successive 'Z' lines. Sarcolema: The plasma membrane of a muscle. Gout: Inflammation of joints due to accumulation of uric acid crystal. Suture: immovable joints between skull bones. Synovial joints: Freely movable joints between lim...

AMMONOTELISM: NEPHRONS : The structural and functional unit of kidneys. Each kidney contains about one million of nephrons. STRUCTURE OF NEPHRON : A nephron consists of Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule). JG A (Juxtaglomerular Apparatus), DCT (Distal Convoluted Tubule) and the collecting duct. STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY: Size 10-12 cm in length, 5-7 cm in width, 2-3 cm thick, average weight  about 120-170 g. ¶ The blood vessels, ureter and nerves enter in the kidney through hilum  (a notch).  ¶ The outer layer of kidney is a tough capsule. ¶ The outer zone of kidney is cortex and the inner is medulla..  ¶ The medulla is divided into few conical masses (medullary pyramids) ¶ The cortex extends between medullary pyramids called columns of Bertini. GLOMERULAR FILTRATION : The filtration of blood in glomerulus, about 1100-1200 ml of blood is filtered by the kidney per minute. GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR): The a...

BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION ¶ Blood: A special connective tissue that circulates in principal vascular system of man and other vertebrates consisting of fluid matrix, plasma and formed elements. ¶ Plasma : The liquid part of blood or lymph which is straw coloured, viscous fluid and conta (only lymbphocytes) ins about 90-92% of water and 6-8% proteins. Lymph: A clear yellowish, slightly alkaline, coagulable fluid, containing white blood cells in a liquid resembling blood plasma. ¶ Serum: Blood plasma from which fibrinogen and other clotting factory  have been removed. ¶ Heart Beat: The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart, which includes one systole (contraction phase) and one diastole (relaxation phase) of the heart. Heart beat count of healthy person is 72 times per minute. ¶ Cardiac output: The amount of blood pumped by heart per minute is called  cardiac or heart output. The value of cardiac output of a normal person is about  72 × 70=5040 mL or about 5L p...

BREATHING AND EXCHANGEOF GASES  ¶ Breathing: (External respiration) The process of exchange of O2 from the  atmosphere with CO2 produced by the cells.  ¶ Carbamino haemoglobin: Compound formed in RBCs when CO2 combine  with haemoglobin. ¶ Inspiration : Oxygen from fresh air taken by lungs and diffuses into the  blood. ¶ Expiration : CO2 given up by venous blood in the lungs is sent out to exterior. ¶ Respiration : The sum total of physical and chemical processes by which oxygen and carbohydrates (main food nutrient) etc are assimilated into the system and the oxidation products like carbon dioxide and water are given off. ¶ Diaphragm : A muscular, membranous partition separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. ¶ Hypoxia -  Shortage of oxygen in tissues. ¶ Partial Pressure - The pressure contributed by an individual gas in a mixture  of gases. It is represented as pO2 for oxygen and pCO2 for carbondioxide. ¶ Pharynx: The tube or cavity ...