CBSE Class 12 Biology Revision Notes - Shikshaforall
Revision Notes for CBSE Class 12 Biology, Short Key Notes for CBSE Books
CBSE Class 12 Biology Revision Notes
Biology is an interesting subject, and the plus two Biology revision notes come in handy to prepare you well for the Class 12 exams. Class 12 Biology NCERT notes made by experts at Shikshaforall cover the latest CBSE curriculum, and these are the well researched CBSE notes that let students understand the topic clearly. Biology notes for Class 12 are beneficial for a quick review because the subject matter experts make these.
Chapter wise Revision Notes for Class 12 Biology
Unit6 - Reproduction
Unit7 - Genetics and Evolution
Unit8 - Biology And Human Welfare
Unit9 Biotechnology And Its Applications
Unit10 - Ecology And Environment
UNIT 6 REPRODUCTION
Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms
Reproduction a characteristic feature of all organisms for
continuation of species; modes of reproduction - asexual and sexual reproduction; asexual reproduction - binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.
Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes apomixes, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.
3: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis - spermatogenesis and oogensis; menstrual cycle; fertilization, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).
Chapter 4: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).
UNIT 7 GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism - incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary ideao f polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bee: linkage and crossing over, sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.
Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging: DNA replication: Central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation lac operon; genome and human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.
chapter 7: evolution
Origin of life: biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory evolution; mechanism of evolution - variatio (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution..
UNIT 8 BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE
Chapter 8 Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chickengunia, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.
Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production.
Improvement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, Biofortification, Apiculture and Animal husbandry.
Chapter 10. Microbes in Human Welfare
In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers; Antibiotics; production and judicious use.
UNIT 9 BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Chapter 11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology)
Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Application
Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, bio piracy and patents.
UNIT 10 ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations
Organisms and environment Habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth. birth rate and death rate, age distribution.
Chapter 14: Ecosystem
Ecosystems; Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorus); ecological succession; ecological services- carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release (in brief).
Chapter 15: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; odiversity onservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.
Chapter 16: Environmental Issues
Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agro chemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; green house effect and climate change; impact and mitigation ozone layer depletion; deforestation; any one case study as success story addressing environmental issue(s).
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